The programme focuses on energy efficiency in the food systems, on climate and gender perspectives, and on democratic engagement and citizen-involvement in the green transition.
For a successful green transition, new and research-based knowledge is paramount. In this Nordic-Baltic initiative, the focus is on three topics which are all important in the work towards a just green transition.
- The first topic calls for new insights on energy efficient, resilient, and sustainable food systems.
- The second topic addresses the importance of including gender perspectives in the green transition, for it to be just, effective, and long-lasting.
- The third topic concerns representation and legitimacy, focusing on democratic engagement and citizen-involvement in the green transition.
Towards a just and sustainable energy future
The Nordic and Baltic countries need to accelerate the transition to a fossil-free energy system to meet climate and biodiversity goals and avoid severe climate impacts. This requires major changes in energy production and consumption, especially amid Europe’s energy crisis following the war in Ukraine and reduced gas imports from Russia. Large investments in green energy—such as wind, hydrogen, hydro, and biofuels—can reduce dependence on fossil fuels and cut greenhouse gas emissions.
Equally important is ensuring the transition is seen as legitimate and inclusive. Democratic engagement in planning and implementing new energy systems is crucial to build trust, prevent conflicts, and secure public support. Without it, projects risk delays, protests, or negative local impacts. Large energy facilities can also bring economic benefits, create jobs, and foster new industries, particularly in rural areas.
Challenges arise when energy projects must coexist with other societal and environmental interests, including biodiversity, land use, social justice, and traditional livelihoods. Power imbalances, private interests, and lack of transparency can limit citizen influence, creating conflicts over technology choices, responsibilities, and resource distribution.
Nordic experiences show that public participation strengthens legitimacy, innovation, and long-term sustainability.
The research conducted within the Green Transition Initiative aims to explore how democratic involvement can be enhanced in energy planning, which strategies work, and how trust between governments, businesses, and citizens can be built. The ultimate goal is a green, just, and socially sustainable energy transition that also strengthens competitiveness.